The normal force is not always mg

The mistake

Setting N = mg on an incline, in an elevator, or under an applied force.

Why it feels right

On a level floor with no vertical acceleration, N = mg. Reusing that special case can feel automatic.

How to catch it

You wrote N = mg without checking the perpendicular force balance.

The first principle

N is found from Newton's second law perpendicular to the surface. On a slope N = mg·cos θ; in an accelerating lift N = m(g ± a).

worked mini-example

A 3.0 kg block rests on a 25° incline. Find the normal force.

Common wrong move

N = mg = 29.4 N.

Correct

N = mg·cos 25° ≈ 26.6 N.

Test the repair NL-07 · transfer
include N

Make a fresh prediction before referring to the worked example.